Rate limiting connections

Rate limiting connections in YugabyteDB.

Each connection to a YugabyteDB cluster uses CPU and memory, so it is important to consider how many connections are needed for the application. YugabyteDB uses a max_connections setting to limit the number of connections per node in the cluster (and thereby the resources that are consumed by connections) to prevent run-away connection behavior from overwhelming your deployment's resources.

You can check the value of max_connections with your admin user and ysqlsh.

SHOW max_connections;

 max_connections
-----------------
 300
(1 row)

Note

YugabyteDB reports max_connections differently depending on your user role: non-superuser roles see only the connections available for use, while superusers see all connections, including those reserved for superusers.

Limiting connections per tenant

Sometimes it is important to limit the number of connections per tenant. In order to achieve this, map a tenant to a database and a user (or a service account), and rate limit the number of connections per database for the user. This can be achieved as shown in this section.

Note

The connection limit is stored in the system catalog but connection count tracking is per node and kept in shared memory. For example, if the connection limit is set to 1, then on 3 node clusters, it is possible to launch 3 connections when there is one connection on each node.

Set up database and user

First create a database, as follows:
```
create database test_connection;
```
Next, create a user. Make sure the user you create is not a superuser. For superusers, there is no limit on the number of connections.
```
create role test_user login;
```

Verify that you created a non-superuser using the following command:

SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolcanlogin FROM pg_roles;

You should see the following output.

 rolname                   | rolsuper | rolcanlogin
---------------------------+----------+-------------
 postgres                  | t        | t
 pg_monitor                | f        | f
 pg_read_all_settings      | f        | f
 pg_read_all_stats         | f        | f
 pg_stat_scan_tables       | f        | f
 pg_signal_backend         | f        | f
 pg_read_server_files      | f        | f
 pg_write_server_files     | f        | f
 pg_execute_server_program | f        | f
 yb_extension              | f        | f
 yb_fdw                    | f        | f
 yb_db_admin               | f        | f
 yugabyte                  | t        | t
 test_user                 | f        | t

Limit connections per DB

Set the database connection limit:

alter database test_connection CONNECTION LIMIT 1;

You can display the limits as follows:

select datname, datconnlimit from pg_database where datname ='test_connection' ;

       datname     | datconnlimit
-----------------+--------------
 test_connection |            1

Test connection limit

To test, launch two connections to the database.

The first connection should succeed.

./bin/ysqlsh -U test_user test_connection

The second connection should fail.

./bin/ysqlsh -U test_user test_connection

ysqlsh: FATAL:  too many connections for database "test_connection"